The class constructor is called, that is, when a class is The most common dunder method you’ll encounter when reading PythonĬode is _init_(). Need to know about a few easy-to-understand dunders. User looking to use some Python features through reticulate, you only Of dunders are truly complicated to understand.

Interfaces (e.g., the iteration protocol), and finally, a small handful Otherwise hard to acquire, yet others are for extending language Sugars, others are values provided by the interpreter that would be Tokens are merely ways code authors can plug into specific syntactic Means that the token invokes a Python language feature. “Special” is not a technical term, it just A special double-underscore-wrapped token isĬommonly called a “dunder”. Python typically indicates that something is special by wrapping the When we inspect it we see that it already comes with a bunch ofĪttributes ( dir() in Python is equivalent to In the first example, we defined an empty class, but The instance is mutable (modified-in-place by default). Hint that it’s common to be managing many instances of a class, and that The instance prints with its memory address, which is a strong M圜lass, you can interact with it, and see that it has type

Naming convention, classes are typically CamelCase, andįunctions are typically snake_case. Like the def statement, the class statementīinds a new callable symbol, M圜lass. M圜lass #> type(M圜lass) #> instance = M圜lass() instance #> type(instance) #> Class M圜lass: pass # `pass` means do nothing.

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